Plant growing apparatus

ABSTRACT

A plant-growing apparatus ( 10 ) has a plurality of rotatable plant-growing modules ( 32 ) which can be moved between two positions, separated vertically or horizontally. Each module ( 32 ) comprises a cylindrical structure for holding plant-growing containers ( 80 ) in which the plants grow radially inwardly of the cylindrical structure toward a light source ( 68 ). The apparatus ( 10 ) has module support means for supporting each module and rotating it in a substantially horizontal position. The apparatus has module moving means, for example sprocket driven chains ( 20, 22 ), for conveying the modules between the two positions.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention pertains to an apparatus and method for growing plants. Inparticular, it pertains to an apparatus comprising a plurality ofrotatable cylindrical plant-growing structures in which plants growradially inwardly of the structures.

BACKGROUND

When plants are grown in a flat bed under a lamp, the plants are atvarying distances from the lamp. Greater efficiency in the use of thelight is obtained where all the plants being illuminated by a givenlight source are equidistant from it, reducing the number of lightsneeded for each productive square unit of growing area. This can beachieved by means of a rotary growing apparatus in which the plants arerotated about a light source at the axis of rotation.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,604,321 (Marchildon) discloses a rotary plant-growingapparatus with an open-ended cylindrical drum which rotates about ahorizontal axis on a support stand. A lamp is positioned at the axis ofthe drum. Holes in the drum hold plant pots, with the plants facing thelight and the bottom of the pots extending radially outward from thedrum. A tray under the drum holds a pool of water and is spaced from thedrum such that the lower part of the pots contacts the water as the drumrotates, watering the plants.

Canadian published patent application 2,401,737 (Poirier et al.)discloses a rotary growing apparatus which comprises a cylindricalstructure or drum provided with a series of parallel elongated,longitudinally extending baskets for holding plants. A support base isprovided for the drum, and a drive mechanism rotates the drum on thesupport base about the drum's rotational axis. A light source ispositioned inside the drum. A feeding system provides nutrient fluid tothe growing plants as the drum rotates and the baskets contact thenutrient fluid. The elongated baskets define in the bottom and sidewalls thereof a plurality of apertures for allowing the nutrient fluidto access the plants. The elongated baskets are removably attached to apair of parallel and opposed rims of the drum by means of tubularmembers with resilient attachment pins at the ends thereof.

Although rotary growing machines of the foregoing types reduce theamount of floor space required for growing a given number of plants, ascompared to traditional methods of using flat beds or trays of plants,much more efficient use of floor area could be achieved by providing formovement of rotary plant-growing modules from one point to another whilethe machines continue to operate. For example, if the plant-growingmachines can be moved vertically, a plurality of such machines could beoperated in less floor space than they would occupy if placed on afloor. Also, in some situations, floor space could be saved by providingfor horizontal movement of a plurality of plant-growing machines, forexample moving them between areas where there is insufficient space forservicing them and an area where they can be serviced. It would bedesirable to provide a plant-growing apparatus for effecting movement ofa plurality of such machines from one point to another while themachines continue to operate.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided aplant-growing apparatus having a plurality of rotatable plant-growingmodules which can be moved vertically. The apparatus has a plurality ofthe rotatable plant-growing modules. Each module comprises a cylindricalstructure for holding plant-growing containers. The plants grow in thecontainers radially inwardly of the cylindrical structure toward a lightsource inside the module and roots of the plants grow radially outwardlyof the module. The apparatus has module support means for supportingeach module and rotating it about its longitudinal axis in asubstantially horizontal position. The apparatus has module moving meansfor conveying the module support means and the modules along a pathbetween a vertically higher and a vertically lower position. Theapparatus also includes water feeding means for feeding water ornutrient solution to the plants.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided aplant-growing apparatus having a plurality of rotatable plant-growingmodules which can be moved horizontally. The modules and module supportmeans are as aforesaid and the apparatus has module moving means forconveying the module support means and modules along a generallyhorizontal path. The apparatus also includes water feeding means forfeeding water or nutrient solution to the plants.

The invention also provides a method of growing plants. Plant materialis placed in a growing medium and the medium is placed in a rotatablegrowing apparatus such that plants grow radially inwardly of theapparatus. A light source is illuminated inside the rotatable growingapparatus. The apparatus is rotated about the light source. Theapparatus is moved along a path between two separate positions. Water isdelivered to the growing medium.

These and other features of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description of the preferred embodiments, considered alongwith the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of theplant-growing apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a front elevation view thereof.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a sprocket and chain of the apparatus ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a plant-growing module and support meansof the apparatus of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the module and support means of FIG.4.

FIG. 6 is an end elevation view of the module and support means of FIG.4.

FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a portion of the module and supportmeans of FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the plant-growingmodule.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the module of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the plantgrowing-apparatus.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view on the line 11-11 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of the plant-growingmodule and support means module of FIG. 4 having a separate watertrough.

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the plant-growingapparatus that provides for generally horizontal movement of theplant-growing modules.

FIG. 14 is a side elevation view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG.13.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the followingdescription and indicated in the drawings by the same referencecharacters.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, plant growing apparatus 10 has a frame 12comprising side frame members 14, 15 braced together by a plurality offrame member 16. Each frame member 14 rotatably supports a set ofsprocket wheels 18 configured in a generally oval or racetrack-shapedarray. Sprocket drive means 20 and 22 on frame members 14, 15respectively, comprise a motor and appropriate gear and control means tosynchronously turn the sprocket wheels 18 a and 18 b on frame members 14and 15 respectively.

Chains 24, 25 are operatively fitted on the sets of sprocket wheels 18on frame members 14 and 15 respectively. A plurality of module supportbars 26 are affixed, as shown in FIG. 3, by means of bracket 28, tochains 24, 25 and extend therebetween.

A module support frame 30 is hung by hanger means 29 from each supportbar 26. For clarity of illustration, FIGS. 1 and 2 show only foursupport bars 26 and only two module support frames 30, but it will beunderstood that apparatus 10 may comprise many support bars 26 eachholding a module support frame.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 7, module support frame 30 is structured torotatably support cylindrical plant-growing module 32. Support frame 30has a generally horizontal frame member 34, angled frame members 36, 38at one end and 40, 42 at the other end, and lower horizontal members 44,46. Rotatable horizontal members 48, 50 extend between lower horizontalmembers 44, 46 and support module 32.

End rims 52, 54 of module 32 extend radially outward beyond theremainder of the module and have gear teeth 56 on their outer edge. Asbest seen in FIG. 7, the rims 52, 54 rest on rotatable members 48, 50and gear teeth 56 engage with gear teeth 58 on rotatable members 48, 50.Drive means 60 on frame member 44 respectively comprises a motor andappropriate gear and control means to turn rotatable member 48. As it isturned, module 32 is rotated about its longitudinal axis.

Support member 67 on frame member 44 holds lamp 68 which extendslongitudinally into module 32 in a generally axial position. Anidentical support member and lamp 69 are provided on frame member 46, solamp 69 extends into module 32 from the opposite end. Each lamp 68, 69extends slightly less than half way into module 32, to provide full,axial illumination for the plants growing inside the module.

Module 32 is adapted to hold plants so they can grow hydroponically oraeroponically and be oriented to grow radially inwardly of the moduletoward the lights 68, 69 located inside the module, while their rootsgrow radially outwardly. Various forms of module are suitable for use inthe invention. In one embodiment, shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, module 32 is acylindrical structure which comprises rims 52, 54 with a plurality ofplant-growing trays 64 detachably fastened (by suitable latch means, notshown in the drawings) at their ends to the rims. Support members 66also extend between the rims. Trays 64 have a bottom wall 70 with holes71 to permit the entry of water, and side walls 72, and are adapted toreceive and retain a growing medium in which plants 74 can grow.

In another embodiment of the module, shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, themodule 32 has cylindrical wall 76 connecting rims 52, 54. Longitudinalslots 78 in the wall 76 have at least one opening 79 adapted to permitthe slidable insertion and removal of plant-growing containers 80. Forclarity of illustration, a single container 80 is shown in FIG. 10, butit will be understood that, in use, slots 78 are filled with containers80, placed side by side. Each container 80 is configured to hold aplant. It has an opening (not shown) for plant 74 to grow out of and abottom opening 82 for the inflow of water. Container 80 has anoutwardly-extending flange 84 on each of two opposite sides thereofadapted to fit in opening 79 and slidingly engage longitudinal channel86 formed between wall 76 and L-shaped bracket 88 which is attached tothe inside of longitudinal wall 76.

Alternatively, the cylindrical structure can be of the type shown inU.S. Pat. No. 6,604,320 (Marchildon).

In plant growing apparatus 10, means are provided for conveying waterand nutrients to the plants. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, water trough 90is positioned at the base of the apparatus 10 so that, when aplant-growing module 32 is in its vertically lowest position, the bottompart of the module 32 will be positioned in the trough 90. The waterlevel in the trough is maintained such that the openings in the bottomof the plant-growing containers at the lower end of the module will beunder the surface, permitting water to flow into the plant-growingmedium in the containers.

In an alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 12, each module has its ownwater trough and there would be no trough at the base of the apparatus10. Here, the water-conveying means comprises a trough 92 supported bythe horizontal members 44, 46 of the module support frame 30. Again, thewater level in the trough 92 is maintained to permit water to flow intothe plant-growing medium in the containers as they are rotated down intothe trough.

Alternatively, water-feeding means can comprise suitably positionedsprayers, injectors or any other convenient means for delivering waterand nutrients to the plant-growing medium. If desired, water trough 90can be supplemented by sprayers, etc. located at an upper region of theplant growing apparatus 10, to ensure that the plants are watered withsufficient frequency.

Referring again to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the plant growing apparatus10 is used, once plant-growing medium with plant material is positionedin the modules 32, by actuating drive means 20, 22 to rotate sprocketwheels 18 a, 18 b, moving chains 24, 25 and with them modules 32,through a revolution. The speed of revolution, and also the speed ofrotation of each module, is selected such that the plant-growingcontainers are watered as often as required. The apparatus can beoperated continuously or intermittently and in either direction oftravel of the chains 24, 25.

Since the modules continue to operate, i.e. to rotate about theirrespective lights and grow plants, while they are in all positions onthe circuit traveled by chains 24, 25, it will be apparent that theapparatus permits the operation of many plant-growing modules in thelimited floor space occupied by apparatus 10, less floor space than themodules would occupy if operated on a floor.

To service the modules, for example to harvest plants, insert plantmaterial or plant-growing containers, etc., or to do mechanicalservicing, the drive means 20, 22 are stopped when the module to beserviced is at a position where it can be conveniently reached, forexample near the lower part of the circuit. If necessary, it can beremoved from the apparatus by releasing hanger 29 from support rod 26.

Where each module has its own water trough, as in FIG. 12, it is notnecessary to revolve the apparatus 10 to achieve watering of the plants,and the drive means 20, 22 would typically be operated only to bring themodules into position for servicing.

In an alternative embodiment, the invention provides an apparatus forgenerally horizontal movement of the plant-growing modules. Whenplant-growing modules are simply positioned on a base that is stationaryon a floor, as in the prior art, for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,604,321(Marchildon), they must be accessible for servicing, which requiresfloor space around them. By providing means for movement of the modules,while they continue to operate, floor space can be saved, for example bymoving them between a location where they are not accessible toservicing and a location where they are. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14,plant-growing apparatus 100 has a pair of sprocket-driven chains 102,104, preferably but not necessarily operating on an endless track. Drivemeans 20 and 22 comprise a motor and appropriate gear and control meansto synchronously turn a sprocket wheel 18 on each track to drive chains102, 104 respectively. Support bars 26 are attached at their ends to therespective chains (by brackets, not shown, as in the embodiment ofFIG. 1) and extend therebetween. A module support frame 30 withplant-growing module 32, as described above, is suspended from eachsupport bar 26, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. Preferably, theplant-growing module is of the type shown in FIG. 12, in which a watertrough 92 is supported by each module support means.

The track of the apparatus 100 includes section 106 in which a module 32becomes accessible for servicing by a user. Modules in the remainder ofthe track need not be accessible for servicing.

In operation, sprocket drive means 20, 22 are actuated, moving chains102, 104 synchronously and, with them, modules 32, between section 106where the modules can be serviced, and the remainder of the track.Chains 102, 104 are of a type that permits movement about a radius sothat the track can form an endless loop. Alternatively, belts may beused instead of chains, and be supported and driven by pulley wheelsadapted to carry belts, to facilitate a track which turns about aradius.

In an alternative embodiment of apparatus 100, in which the modules 32do not have individual water troughs, water-feeding means can comprisesuitably-positioned sprayers, injectors or any other convenient meansfor delivering water and nutrients to the plant-growing medium. Ifdesired, a water trough can be provided at one or more positions belowthe track, and be raised as a module 32 is moved into position over it,permitting water to flow into the plant-growing medium in the containersas they are rotated down into the trough.

Although the invention has been described in terms of variousembodiments, it is not intended that the invention be limited to theseembodiments. Various modifications within the scope of the inventionwill be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, althoughendless tracks of chains have been described above, the tracks need notbe endless, as the modules can be moved either vertically orhorizontally along a track which ends and then be moved back along thesame track. Also, the module moving means need not comprise chains, asbelts and other mechanical configurations can be used. Further, themodule moving means in the embodiment of the apparatus for horizontalmovement of the modules can comprise a single chain (or belt) from whichthe modules are suspended, two spaced-apart chains not being essential.The scope of the invention is defined by the claims that follow.

1. A plant-growing apparatus comprising: (a) a plurality of rotatableplant-growing modules, each said module comprising a cylindricalstructure for holding plant-growing containers, such that said plantsgrow in said containers radially inwardly of said cylindrical structuretoward a light source inside said cylindrical structure and roots ofsaid plants grow radially outwardly of said cylindrical structures; (b)module support means for supporting each said module and for rotatingeach said module about its longitudinal axis in a substantiallyhorizontal position; (c) module moving means for conveying said modulesupport means and modules along a path between two separated positions;and (d) water-feeding means for feeding water to said plants.
 2. Anapparatus according to claim 1, wherein said two separated positions area vertically higher position and a vertically lower position.
 3. Anapparatus according to claim 2, wherein said water feeding means is atrough in which said plant-growing containers are brought into contactwith water at said vertically lower position.
 4. An apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein said two separated positions are two horizontallyseparated positions.
 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein saidpath forms a circuit extending between a plurality of positions that areboth vertically and horizontally separated from each other, and saidmodule moving means are adapted to convey each said module support meansand module around said circuit.
 6. An apparatus according to claim 5,wherein said circuit is a closed circuit and said module support meansand modules can be conveyed in a revolution around said circuit.
 7. Anapparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one said module of saidplurality of modules is in a vertically higher position than at leastone other of said modules of said plurality of modules.
 8. An apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein at least one said module of said pluralityof modules is in a horizontally separated position from at least oneother of said modules of said plurality of modules.
 9. An apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein said water feeding means comprisessprayers or injectors.
 10. An apparatus according to claim 1, whereinsaid water feeding means is a trough supported on said module supportmeans for watering said plants as said module rotates.
 11. An apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein said module moving means comprises aplurality of sprocket wheels and an endless chain.
 12. An apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein said module support means comprises a pairof spaced-apart rotatable members.
 13. An apparatus according to claim12, wherein said cylindrical structures have rims adapted to engage saidrotatable members.
 14. A plant-growing apparatus comprising: (a) aplurality of rotatable plant-growing modules, each said modulecomprising a cylindrical structure for holding plant-growing containersand a light source inside said cylindrical structure about which saidcylindrical structure can rotate; (b) a pair of spaced-apart endlesschains supported on sprocket wheels, each said chain defining a closedcircuit extending between a vertically higher position and a verticallylower position; (c) drive means to rotate said sprocket wheels and drivesaid endless chains about said circuit; (d) a plurality of supportmembers extending between said pair of spaced-apart endless chains; (e)a module support frame connected to each said support member forsupporting one of said plant-growing modules, said module support frameincluding a pair of rotatable members; (f) drive means to rotate one ofsaid rotatable members and thereby rotate said plant growing module; and(g) a trough in which said plant-growing containers are brought intocontact with water at said vertically lower position.